Climate change may cut South Africa corn crop sharply

Climate change could cut South Africa's maize crop by 20 percent within 15 to 20 years as the west of the country dries out while the east is afflicted with increasingly severe storms, its environment minister said on Sunday.

"For a developing country that's major, and major bad news," Marthinus van Schalkwyk told reporters after arriving in northern Japan, where the Group of Eight rich nations' leaders are gathering for a summit this week.

"For us it's not something far in the future, it's already happening."

Climate change and rising global food prices are at the top of the G8's agenda this year. Van Schalkwyk called on developed countries to slash emissions by 80 to 95 percent by 2050 compared with 1990, to achieve meaningful progress in fighting climate change.

Developing countries like South Africa, which holds most of the continent's coal reserves and is expanding output, will need technology transfers to slow their growth in emissions, he said.

Otherwise, increasing dryness in the west would be matched by cyclones and heavy rain in the east, fanning the spread of malaria and destroying infrastructure that wasn't built to withstand strong winds and heavy rains.

As its western regions dry out, South Africa would have to turn to more drought-resistant strains of maize, or corn, giving a greater role to genetically modified strains, he said. GMO corn is already legal in South Africa.

South Africa consumes about 8 million tonnes a year of corn. It produced 7.125 million tonnes in the 2007 harvest, but this year's harvest topped 11 million tonnes following better rains.

In December, the country specifically excluded maize from the materials that could be used to make biofuels, despite protests from a grain-growing lobby that fears drops in prices when output is high.

Van Schalkwyk called for an international framework to set policy on biofuels, which by diverting excess grain supply helped push corn futures in Chicago to an all-time high last month.

"We believe that is the responsible approach. We were criticized then, but now we are proven right," he said.