The Cambridge University-organised event will feature representatives from more than 30 countries, including Shaykh Ali Gomaa, the Grand Mufti of Egypt, and Mufti Mustafa Ceric, the Grand Mufti of Bosnia.
They will also be joined by Mona Siddiqui, professor of Islamic studies at the University of Glasgow, Rev Richard Chartres, the Bishop of London, Government minister Ruth Kelly and Conservative Party leader David Cameron.
The conference is being organised by The Cambridge Inter-Faith Programme (CIP), based in the University's Faculty of Divinity.
CIP is a teaching and research programme that seeks to achieve a deeper understanding of Islam, Christianity and Judaism.
Professor David Ford, of the university's inter-faith programme, said: "There is an urgent need for Islam and traditionally Christian cultures to understand one another, specifically from a religious perspective.
"The conference will focus on the relationship between Islam and the non-Muslim world."
The event will open Monday with a video message from Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales, while the Chancellor, Gordon Brown, will host a reception in the evening.
It is being held at Lancaster House, in the West End of London.
