Zimbabwean Targets Poverty in Fight Against Rape

NEW YORK - Having had some success dispelling the myth that the blood of virgins cures AIDS, Zimbabwean Betty Makoni is now also fighting what she calls a root cause of the disease -- poverty.

"Many girls don't have anything to eat or drink. Then a sugar daddy comes and says, 'If you have sex with me I will give you money,' and they are likely to take the money and get infected with HIV/AIDS," the founder of non-profit anti-rape group the Girl Child Network said in an interview in New York.

Zimbabwe's AIDS rate and poverty levels make Makoni's job no easy task. The country has one of the weakest economies in the world. Fewer than one in four citizens have jobs, and the inflation rate is the world's highest, hitting 7,600 percent in July.

One in five adults has AIDS, according to the United Nations, a level that has helped sink the country's average life expectancy into the 30s, from nearly 60 in 1990. Girls and women are far more likely to have the disease than men.

Makoni, who herself was raped at an early age, formed the GCN in 1998. A former schoolteacher, she was moved when two thirds of her girl pupils had left class by the end of the year because they got AIDS, were married away to members of religious sects, or had to return to work in their homes.

"Betty inspires these girls to do work I haven't seen in any other country," said Paola Gianturco, author of a new book titled "Women Who Light the Dark," published this month by powerHouse books, in which Makoni is featured.

The GCN now operates in the majority of Zimbabwe's rural districts with 450 clubs serving 30,000 girls and is beginning to expand into nearby countries.

MYTHS AND WOUNDS

The network fights rape by empowering girls and keeping them in school. Thousands of girls have been given underwear by GCN on which parts of national sexual violence laws have been written, so they know when their rights have been violated.

She counts the village of Rusape as one of her successes. In 2000 there were 200 rapes reported there; now there are none, she said. The myth that the blood of virgins mixed with herbs kills AIDS has been wiped out in Rusape, she said.

But in other regions of the country, particularly near the Mozambique border, the myth remains strong. Men either collect the blood after breaking girls' hymens or after cutting their breasts -- wounds that often end up killing the victim -- and use it themselves or sell it to men who have AIDS.

Time has taught Makoni to fight AIDS from all sides. "At the beginning we were not trying to fight poverty; we thought there was a problem with attitudes, beliefs and practices, but poverty can worsen AIDS," she said.

She helps give girls school basics because without education a girl is nothing, she said. She said empowerment from education can help girls resist male attacks, early marriage and religious sects that perform illegal virginity testing. GCN supplies girls with food, drink, a school uniform, pens and paper. "You can't empower yourself on an empty stomach," she said.

The network also directs some donations into buying the girls sanitary pads -- which are rare in the country. Many Zimbabwean girls are not allowed to go to school for up to five days a month when they menstruate, and difficulties from the lost days can make them drop out. Makoni said sewing machines can help them make sanitary pads out of cloth and keep girls in school.

The girls' clubs also raise money for education by growing vegetables, which they can also eat, or holding dances.