NATO leaders promised Ukraine and Georgia on Thursday they would one day join the Western defence alliance after rebuffing U.S. demands to put the former Soviet republics on an immediate path to membership.
Germany, France and smaller NATO states withstood pressure from U.S. President George W. Bush to offer the two countries a Membership Action Plan (MAP), a first step towards entry, saying neither was ready and Russia could be antagonised.
But NATO leaders softened the blow by making a vaguer pledge to invite the two to join the alliance at some point in the future and saying former Cold War foe Moscow should have no influence on membership decisions.
"We agreed today that these countries will become members of NATO," NATO Secretary-General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer told a news conference, reading from a communique agreed at a summit of the pact's 26 leaders in Bucharest.
"That is quite something," he added.
Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko called the NATO move historic. "This is our victory," he told reporters. Georgian Foreign Minister David Bakradze also hailed "historic breakthrough" for his country.
But thousands of protesters massed in Ukrainian cities to denounce the prospect of NATO membership, highlighting deep divisions over whether Kiev should look east or west.
On other enlargement decisions, Macedonia's request for an invitation to join was blocked by Greece in a name row but Albania and Croatia won invitations to become members. Bosnia and Montenegro were awarded closer ties.
A new era beckoned for the alliance after French President Nicolas Sarkozy pledged a decision soon on full reintegration into the NATO military structures that Paris left in 1966.
Sarkozy gave cautious support to U.S. plans to build a missile defence shield in Europe and also confirmed France would add 700 extra soldiers to Afghanistan as part of a wider force reshuffle to avert a threatened Canadian withdrawal.
Prime Minister Stephen Harper said the reinforcement meant Canada's conditions were fulfilled to keep its 2,500 troops in the violent south despite public pressure for a pullout.
NATO leaders also reaffirmed a long-term commitment to Afghanistan, attempting to set aside divisions over some members' reluctance to send troops to fight Taliban militants.
