Leaders from Europe, North Africa and the Middle East launched a 43-nation Union for the Mediterranean on Sunday pledging practical cooperation among erstwhile enemies on water, energy and education.
Urging Mediterranean states to emulate Europe's model of reconciliation and cooperation, French President Nicolas Sarkozy said the birth of the new organisation that was his brainchild on taking office last year was "a dream come true."
The ceremonial inaugural summit at the lofty iron-and-glass Grand Palais in Paris sealed a new detente between Syria and Europe, with the Syrian and Israeli leaders sitting at the same table for the first time.
"Everyone will have to make an effort, as the Europeans did, to put an end to the deadly spiral of war and violence, that, century after century, repeatedly brought barbarity to the heart of civilisation," Sarkozy said in the keynote speech.
But there was no handshake and Syrian President Bashar al-Assad appeared to go out of his way to avoid Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, hiding his face behind his arm as he walked past where the Israeli leader was standing.
Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak said Assad was not in the meeting room before the Israeli prime minister delivered a speech on water cooperation because he had "other business."
An Israeli spokesman said Olmert used a meeting with Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan to convey a message that Israel was serious about seeking peace with Syria. But a Syrian official denied that Assad received any message via Erdogan.
Assad said later in a French television interview that it would take between six months and two years to make peace with Israel if both sides were serious and engaged in direct talks.
Mubarak, co-president of the summit, told the leaders they must work together to meet the challenges of food, education and health for their growing populations.
"I am certain this initiative will bear fruit, that it will be a happy initiative. We have made some giant steps down this road towards cooperation between Europe and the Mediterranean area," he told a final news conference with Sarkozy.
GESTURES
On a day rich in political gestures, Sarkozy hosted cordial talks with the Israeli and Palestinian leaders, capped with an effusive triple handshake and a joint news conference.
